Report Introduction: Certain striking facts characterize the cotton situation. Great increases in yields are accompanied by great decreases in acreage. This combination of circumstances inevitably raises sharp questions as to future trends. The average acreage planted to cotton in the United States in the years 1941-43 was only about one-half (52.6 percent) as large as the average of the years 1928-32, (table l). But the production was only about 20 percent less. Yields per acre increased from an average of 174 pounds in 1928-32 to 253 pounds in 1941-43 - an increase of nearly 80 pounds or about 46 percent. As a basis for looking forward to the production situation that might prevail in post-war years, it is desirable to examine and analyze past trends, to evaluate recent changes, and to appraise new developments which may influence the extent and location of our future cotton production. It is the purpose of this report to examine these aspects of cotton production.