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Abstract
The present study applied on a big farm in Tunisia, based on a double observation relative to the gravity of the erosion and, on the other hand, the importance of public expenditures for water and soil conservation aiming to lessen this phenomenon. The divergence of results obtained by the adoption of conservation techniques constitutes the principal reason for questioning of this public intervention. The quantitative evaluation of the impact of these conservation on yield, the farming system and on the profitability of capital invested as well as on the erosion constitutes, there fore, the essential objective of this study. The bio-economic approach combining the use of a biophysical simulator and an economic optimization model is proposed as method to judge this efficiency.