Objective: To review and discuss the invisible and silent role of the activity of earthworms, which are considered “agroecosystem engineers”.Design/methodology/approach: A database search of scientific articles published in Mexico and worldwide was performed.Results: The literature reviewed shows that earthworms constitute the most abundant biomass in the vast majority of tropical agroecosystems. In addition, earthworms have long been shown to improve a) soil structure; b) interaction with symbiotic microorganisms; c) nutrient mineralization and availability; d) pollutant removal; e) regulation of foliar herbivory; and f ) crop yields.Limitations on study/implications: Most studies have been conducted in laboratories and greenhouses.Findings/conclusions: Earthworms increase soil quality and agricultural productivity. Their protection, promotion, and management are suggested in order to manage, preserve, and restore soil health, as well as to ensure a sustainable crop production.
