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Abstract
This paper aims at analysing what answers economical approach can give to questions about relations between agriculture and environment. The great features of a supply/demand analysis are discribed. It is stated that there are no, or very few, mecanisms for comparing supplies and demands relating to environnemtal qualities. Two principles from economical theory are presented : the polluter-paysprinciple and the intergenerational co-ownership principle. Two exemples are set : managing mediterrannean lands by modern unintensive sheep breeding, and nitrogen pollutions resulting from over-fertilization. Conclusions are about the necessity of research and développement of new techniques, and of implementing new social institutions to negociate about environmental qualities.