United States’ organic dairy production has grown over the past three decades. This study uses USDA’s Agricultural Resource Management Survey data from 2005, 2010, 2016, and 2021 (along with other USDA data) to examine changes in farm structure, production costs, technology adoption, and challenges facing organic dairy producers. As organic dairy markets evolved (along with regulatory changes in production standards), organic milk production and the number of organic dairy operations increased. The report shows that the growth of organic milk production has differed by U.S. State, with regional differences in farm structure and cost of production. From 2005 to 2021, there have been modest changes in organic dairy farm structure and adoption of technology, with larger farms more likely to utilize advanced technologies and production systems and benefit from economies of scale.