Today, bioeconomy is a buzzword used in the roadmaps of international institutions such as the OECD and the European Commission. This term is far from new, as the publication in 1980 of a Cahier du Germes issue on “Questions to the Bioeconomy” shows. This issue contained the analysis of three leading development economists: Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, René Passet, and Ignacy Sachs. This article details their theorizations of the bioeconomy, revealing their common points and their divergences.