This article analyzes the trajectory of agroecology policies in Brazil. The methodology includes an extended literature review and interviews with key actors based on a framework that drew from that of the sociology of public action. The results indicate that the formation of a coalition of social movements has played a major role in the adoption of the national policy for agroecology and organic production. The design and implementation of this policy are based on a series of participatory and intersectoral mechanisms. However, the coalition is faced with internal tensions about the agroecological project. The political change that took place in 2016 has blocked this process, but other dynamics can be anticipated, in particular at the local level.