Conservation tillage is an important conservation practice that can significantly reduce soil erosion. Use of conservation tillage produces significant benefits to farmers and the Nation by reducing soil erosion and mitigating potentially adverse off-site impacts on water quality and wildlife habitat. Gains from further adoption on highly erodible land are estimated to be modest—a testament to the success of the switch to conservation tillage so far. Looking to the future, questions remain about the valuation of benefits associated with soil quality, wildlife habitat, and carbon sequestration. Moreover, continued use or expansion of conservation tillage may be very sensitive to changes in Federal program provisions, especially those related to compliance-type mechanisms.