Excerpt from the Introduction: The United States provided $1 billion of net economic and technical assistance to Brazil from July 1, 1945, through December 31, 1961. One-fourth of this assistance was provided under PL 480. This report is a part of a series of studies being undertaken by the U. S. Department of Agriculture to determine the effect of PL 480 and its relationship to other U. S. assistance programs. It appraises the relative importance of the various PL 480 programs in Brazil, and the relationships of PL 480 assistance to total U. S. economic assistance to that country. Particular emphasis is given to evaluation of commodity assistance received under Title I and appraisal of the effects of these imports on consumption, agricultural production, trade, and future markets for U. S. agricultural commodities.