Variability, heritability and genetic advance in 81 genotypes of sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex. Poir.) collected from different regions of Bangladesh were studied. Significant variations among all the studied characters were noted in sweet gourd under study. There were also considerable differences between genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation for almost all characters, which demonstrated considerable influence of environment for the expression of traits. Among the studied characters, GCV and PCV were high for the traits, namely, female flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, total male flower per plant and seeds per fruit. All the characters showed considerably higher heritability, ranging from 41.46 to 98.37%. Among the studied characters, the genetic advance (as "Yo of mean) was high for the traits, namely, female flowers per plant, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and total male flowers per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in total male and female flowers per plant, number of fruits and yield per plant, which indicated that these characters were less influenced by environment confirming additive gene action, and therefore, selection of these characters would be more effective for yield improvement of sweet gourd.