The land tenure system in Lebowa is similar to most traditional African systems. Both communal and individualised tenure have been advocated by different experts. A survey was conducted to determine the attitudes of Lebowa smallholders and leaders to land tenure systems. The majority of smallholders are in favour of change. The response from traditional leaders seems to be ambiguous. Both smallholders and non-traditional leaders favour more individualised tenure with more land being farmed by the better farmers. In general, there seems to be an interest in modernisation.