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Abstract
No developing country can afford to ignore the shift in the locus of poverty, food
insecurity, and malnutrition from rural to urban areas it is now experiencing. This review
of recent literature explores the urban face of food and nutrition security in a more
comprehensive, integrated way than most previous efforts.
The review is organized around a conceptual framework that identifies food
insecurity, inadequate caring behaviors, and poor health as the primary causes of
malnutrition. It discusses current knowledge in eight areas that require the special
attention of policymakers, development practitioners, and program administrators who
wish to improve urban food and nutrition security:
• the sources and cost of food;
• incomes and employment;
• urban agriculture;
• urban diets;
• child caregiving practices;
• childhood mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition;
• health and environment; and
• social assistance programs, or safety nets.
The review also reports on the magnitude of rural-urban and intra-urban health
differences in mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition. In conclusion, the review indicates
which policy issues and knowledge gaps remain for future research to address.