The Tunisian agro-food sector is characterized by the prevalence of small and middle-sized firms, which requires a restructuration to contribute to the development of the agriculture and deal with the processes of liberalisation of agro-food industry. After studying the association agreement between Tunisia and the European Union, we must say that the process of exchanges liberalisation of the agro-food products is conveyed by the operational strategies of the firms to research competitiveness by the control of the costs or the differentiation of the product. This obliges to interest us in exports like a crenel of development of the tunisian agro-food sector.