This paper is an introductory note on the lagoon of Orbetello, defining its environmental peculiarities and productive capacity. The aquaculture firms (both extensive and intensive) and their markets are presented from an economic point of view, focusing on the importance which the area can have as a district, according to the national and regional framework on fisheries. In particular, the unitary strategy adopted in managing the fishery involves the resolution of environmental problems and the coordination of trade to compete with products imported from other Mediterranean countries.