Extending an earlier review of the literature (Bruijnzeel and Proctor, 1995), this paper incorporates the results obtained by post-1993 hydrological and hydrometeorological studies in tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) situated mostly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on the presently available information on the hydrological functioning of TMCF, the most pressing gaps in our understanding are highlighted and suggestions offered as to where and how these could be addressed.