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Abstract
The purpose of this research report is to evaluate the pricing performance of market
advisory services for the 1995-2004 corn and soybean crops. Marketing assumptions applied to
advisory program track records are intended to accurately depict “real-world” marketing
conditions facing a representative central Illinois corn and soybean farmer. Several key
assumptions are: i) with a few exceptions, the marketing window for a crop year runs from
September before harvest through August after harvest, ii) on-farm or commercial physical
storage costs, as well as interest opportunity costs, are charged to post-harvest sales, iii)
brokerage costs are subtracted for all futures and options transactions and iv) Commodity Credit
Corporation (CCC) marketing loan recommendations made by advisory programs are followed
wherever feasible. Based on these and other assumptions, the net price received by a subscriber
to market advisory programs is calculated for the 1995-2004 corn and soybean crops.
Market and farmer benchmarks are developed for the performance evaluations. Two
market benchmarks are specified in order to test the sensitivity of performance results to
changing benchmark assumptions. The 24-month market benchmark averages market prices for
the entire 24-month marketing window. The 20-month market benchmark is computed in a
similar fashion, except the first four months of the marketing window are omitted. Given the
uncertainties involved in measuring the average price received by farmers, two alternative
farmer benchmarks for central Illinois are specified. The market and farmer benchmarks are
computed using the same assumptions applied to advisory program track records.
Five basic indicators of performance are applied to advisory program prices and revenues
over 1995-2004. Results show that advisory program prices fall in the top-third of the price
range relatively infrequently. There is limited evidence that advisory programs as a group
outperform market benchmarks, particularly after considering risk. The evidence is somewhat
more positive with respect to farmer benchmarks, even after taking risk into account. For
example, the average advisory return relative to the farmer benchmarks is 8 to $12 per acre with
only a marginal increase in risk. Even though this return is small and mainly from corn, it
nonetheless represents a non-trivial increase in net farm income per acre for grain farms in
central Illinois. Test results also suggest that it is difficult to predict the year-to-year pricing
performance of advisory programs based on past pricing performance. However, there is some
evidence that performance is more predictable over longer time horizons, particularly at the
extremes of performance rankings.
The results raise the interesting possibility that even though advisory services do not
appear to “beat the market,” they nonetheless provide the opportunity for some farmers to
improve performance relative to the market. Mirroring debates about stock investing, the
relevant issue is whether farmers can most effectively improve marketing performance by
pursuing “active” strategies, like those recommended by advisory services, or “passive”
strategies, which involve routinely spreading sales across the marketing window.