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Abstract
This research ventured into the traditional panag-ipon (goby fry) fishing of Ilocos Sur coastal municipalities of Caoayan and Santa in the Philippines, highlighting fishing methods, economic contributions, and adaptive measures in the face of environmental, economic, and regulatory challenges. Utilizing an ethnographic thematic research design, data were gathered using participant observation and interviews with local fishermen. Findings indicate that panag-ipon is an integral part of Ilocano cultural traditions with fishing methods such as scooping and encircling using nets governed by the lunar calendar and collective beliefs. Panag-ipon economically sustains coastal livelihood through high market demand for ipon that sustains local income and food security within the community. However, threats to its sustainability come from climate change, declining fish resources, and conservative fishing regulations. Fishermen are countering this with diversified fishing techniques, emerging technologies like weather apps, compressors, and goggles, as well as community-initiated conservation practices. Despite such challenges, panag-ipon remains a strong element of Ilocano identity and calls for policies that support cultural conservation and environmental sustainability. The research highlights the need for enhanced fishing management and sustainable measures to ensure that panag-ipon remains a cultural and economic lifeline for Ilocos Sur coastal communities.