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Abstract
The shrimp farming industry plays a vital role in the economies of both Malaysia and Thailand. In particular, Thailand has historically led shrimp production and exports. However, the industry's growth in Thailand and Malaysia has slowed, with emerging competitors like Vietnam and Indonesia gaining ground. This paper aims to compare the policy frameworks and regulatory measures implemented in Malaysia and Thailand to promote sustainable shrimp farming. It begins by examining the significance of sustainability in minimizing environmental impact while fulfilling global food demands. The study then explores the current status of shrimp farming in each country, evaluates relevant policies and institutional responses, and assesses each country’s comparative advantage in export competitiveness. By analyzing these policies and sustainability practices, this paper identifies strengths, challenges and opportunities for improvement to support a more resilient and competitive shrimp farming sector in both nations.