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Abstract
This study developed an ontology-driven framework for animal traceability (ODF-AT) in Botswana, aiming to enhance interoperability, integration, and standardization among stakeholders in the livestock sector. The framework addresses challenges in disease monitoring, theft prevention, and compliance with international trade standards. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing qualitative and quantitative data collection through interviews, structured questionnaires, and project mapping with NVivo software. Stakeholders, including farmers, veterinary professionals, government officials, and Botswana Meat Commission representatives, provided insights into current practices and traceability challenges. The ODF-AT consists of four layers: input, semantic core, knowledge management, and application. It integrates technologies like ontology-based knowledge management and sensor devices, enabling real-time data capture, secure processing, and user-friendly interfaces. Results show that the ODF-AT improves data exchange and communication among stakeholders, offering a scalable and reliable system for livestock management. Although the framework shows promise, further research is needed to adapt it for other regions, overcome practical implementation challenges, and validate its effectiveness through pilot projects.