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Abstract
Objective: to study the genetic variability of morphological characteristics of native maize (Zea mays L.) in the Yucatan Peninsula (PY), México. Design/morphology/approach: Thirteen recognized native maize accessions were used in the PY under the name of Naál Xóy, Xnúc Naál Blanco, Yellow Rooster, Dzit Bacal, Mejeén Naál, Rosa San Juan, Cháck-Chóp, Teél Cháck, Sáck Teél, San Pableño, Ejú-Creole purple, Xmején Naál Tsitbacal and Clove Chiapas, when sown in June 2017 and 2018, under a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results: revealed differences (p0.05) in the morphological variables evaluated: Number of days to male flowering (FM) and female (FF) I present an instability of 12 days to FM and FF, with Naál Xóy and Ejú-Creole purple, and 15 days to physiological maturity with clove Chiapas. A differentiation of 98 and 126 cm in ear height and plant with Eju-Creole purple; 6 and 1.1 cm in ear length and diameter with Xnúc Naál white and Cháck-Chóp, and Yellow Rooster. A variation of four rows with Teél Cháck and 17 grains per row with San Pableño; 11 and 74 g in weight of 100 grains (Xmején Naál Tsitbacal, Rosa San Juan and San Pableño) and grains per ear (Naál Xóy); and a greater difference in performance with Naál Xóy and Dzit Bacal of 3105 kg ha1. Limitations on study/implications: The thirteen accesions presented differences in grain yield (GY) and its components, for which it is necessary to evaluate the native germplasm to know and determine its agronomic value. Findings/conclusions: The accessions presented variation for all the evaluated characteristics, this is important for breeding work.