Producción de desechos y contaminantes de la lechería familiar periurbana, en Ocoyucan, Puebla, Mexico

The contamination of the family dairy production units in the San Bernabé Temoxtitla auxiliary committee, from Ocoyucan, Puebla, México, was evaluated. Seventeen (17) production units were characterized and typified per cluster analysis. Estimating contaminants was performed with the ERFCA technique, according to the code 1110g which refers to dairy farms to estimate the biological demand for oxygen. Emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were calculated with the methodology of the intergovernmental group of experts on climate change (IPCC). The number of cows was the variable used to typify production (p0.05), they were grouped as subsistence (9.3), development (19), and market oriented (32.3). The subsistence farms generate more emissions of contaminants per liter of milk: 23 g NO2, 64.1 g CH4 and 8.2 kg DBO5; the market oriented farms emit: 15 g NO2, 42.2 g CH4 and 5.4 kg DBO5. The production of wastes increases in units with a higher number of animals. It is suggested for family dairy production to be reoriented toward good management and environmental practices, in order to emit less contamination per liter of milk produced.