The sustenance of humanity is contingent upon the production of food. The foundation of this production is agriculture, which in turn is dependent upon the cultivation of the land. As a fundamental element of agricultural advancement, the rational development and utilization of land play a pivotal role in the process of rural revitalization. Agricultural land productivity serves as a principal indicator of the efficacy of land utilization and the extent of agricultural advancement. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research examining the productivity of agricultural land, particularly a lack of specialized research on large agricultural provinces. In light of the aforementioned considerations, this paper presents a comprehensive examination of agricultural land productivity and its regional variations in Heilongjiang Province in 2022, with the aid of pertinent statistical data. The findings of the analysis indicate that among the prefecture-level cities, Daqing and Suihua exhibit the highest levels of agricultural land productivity. Additionally, Zhaodong City, Zhaozhou, Qinggang, Wangkui, and Lanxi counties exhibit high levels of agricultural land productivity within their respective prefecture-level cities. There are notable disparities in agricultural land productivity across various regions, including Yichun, Heihe, Harbin, Daqing, Hegang, and Suihua. In contrast, other regions demonstrate a more balanced spatial distribution. In order to facilitate the prosperous development of the agricultural industry in Heilongjiang Province, it is essential to optimize the spatial planning of the land, to investigate the potential for agricultural development in each region, to establish effective collaboration between resources and industries, and to create a development synergy that will collectively advance rural revitalization.