This report is the 2023 edition of the annual U.S. Agricultural Policy Review series documenting developments in U.S. Federal policies related to production agriculture, agrofood value chains, and food and nutrition assistance. Most prominently, 2023 saw the expiration of many provisions of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (AIA; Public Law 115–334) at the end of fiscal year 2023, which were then extended through the end of fiscal year 2024 as part of the Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (Public Law 118–22). Developments specifically in the production agriculture domain were focused on disaster assistance, continuing to address supply chain challenges that emerged during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, improving and streamlining program delivery, and agricultural climate mitigation. Developments related to agrofood value chains have focused on increasing competition and transparency, enhancing resilience, and improving sustainability. Major changes in USDA food and nutrition assistance programs largely have related to the expiration of waivers and policies implemented in response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which expanded the scope and reach of the programs and allowed for flexibilities in their administration.