This study explores the influence of human capital development on agricultural production in Cameroon, while utilizing the data from 2000. to 2023. and analyzed them through quantile regression. The findings indicate that 78% of the variation in agricultural production is accounted for education expenditure, health expenditure, agricultural labor, and land use, which all exert a positive and significant influence on agricultural output. Conversely, fertilizers’ use negatively and significantly affects production, likely due to inefficient or excessive application leading to soil degradation. The analysis further highlights that balanced investments in both education and health are essential for enhancing agricultural productivity, while imbalances in these expenditures can result in reduced output. The study underscores the importance of targeted investments in human capital development and sustainable farming practices to optimize agricultural production in Cameroon.