Context and Background The African Continental Free Trade Area seeks to deepen the continent's economic integration by creating a single market with free movement of people, goods, services and capital. Land has a strategic role to play in these vast projects. It is the repository of natural resources, particularly mines, the exploitation of which should generate jobs, investment and wealth for the benefit of the population, the State and investors. The products of mining will encourage the development of the energy, processing, steel and metallurgy industries, which are the structuring industrial pillars of Cameroon's Master Plan for Industrialization, in line with the African Union's Agenda 2063. One of the objectives sought after mineral extraction is the transformation of African natural resources in Africa, which will strengthen the rights of local populations, the transfer of skills, the use of local goods and services and the improvement of the industrial fabric, all essential components of local content policies. As mining and related industries cannot develop without a land base, pressure on land must be managed very carefully to reduce social inequalities and a decline in the social acceptability of projects which are already being seen in mining localities, factors that lead to a decline in the security of investments. Goal and Objectives : The study looks at measures to take advantage of the AfCFTA to promote investment in the mining sector while guaranteeing the protection of human rights, environmentally-friendly mining and the development of the local industrial fabric. Methodology : The methodology used is based on a literature review, field visits to get a better feel for the realities, discussions with stakeholders in the mining sector (government, civil society organizations and mining operators) and discussions with government officials responsible for implementing the AfCFTA at national level. Results : After taking stock of the limitations of mining management in Cameroon, recommendations are made on the socio-economic and environmental fronts, to remove the obstacles to the implementation of the AfCFTA and enable this sector to play a key role in the country's industrialization while guaranteeing the protection of affected communities and fair mining practices.