The Nigerian agricultural problems appear intractable not necessarily because of lack of appropriate agricultural policies but also due to uncoordinated, ineffective, and inconsistent policy and program implementation. A rational mix of smallholder and large-scale farmers will facilitate the exploitation of the country’s agricultural potential. However, these systems must be backed up by a vigorous "back to the land" campaign as well as comprehensive mechanisation policies. The effects of private-sector participation on the future of agricultural development and the potential contribution of Farm Management Association of Nigeria are also examined.