The paper estimates the income, saving and saving gap among agricultural households to understand their investment behaviour based on a comprehensive All India Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2016-17 of NABARD, Mumbai. The descriptive and empirical analysis shows saving and investment of cultivators are determined by income, among several other factors. It further reveals a weak association between household’s saving rate and investment in agriculture and allied activities. This may imply households’ dependence on borrowings for investment finance. The paper suggests state and farm size specific interventions along with increase in public investments, suitably tailored to augment household income and capital formation in agriculture.