The aim of the article was to present the theoretical foundations of the problem of coordination of collective actions and to propose methods of fair division that can be used to construct agricultural policy budgets. The publication discusses the results of experimental studies on the tendency of individuals to cooperate and make fair divisions, and then presents the possibilities of using fair division algorithms that are to lead to acceptable divisions in public choice practice. The research results indicate that achieving a sense of justice requires transparency of divisions based on a clearly defined choice of criteria and methods. In-depth considerations on the concept of justice, criteria and methods of division are included in the monograph entitled Fair Division. Criteria, Methods and Applications (Kiryluk-Dryjska 2019). This article contains updated selected fragments of this monograph.