Since Poland joined the European Union, rural Poland has been developing at an exceptionally high rate. Much has been achieved in that time. In the longer term, rural policies in Poland will have to maintain this dynamic, address the most difficult problems, such as persistent poverty areas, and ensure growth and prosperity in all regions of the country. The Polish scientific community has and should continue to play a key role in addressing these problems. This article continues the discussion on the shape of rural development policy and presents the conclusions of the "Poland Rural Policy Review" prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2018. The article provides a brief description of the report's concept, a summary of its main findings, and four main recommendations (and challenges) for the scientific community.