Accelerating the construction of agricultural power, further promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and better supporting and serving Chinese-style modernization are the key issues at present. This paper first introduces the Yangtze River Economic Belt and its ethnic areas, and studies the characteristics of the grain and oil industry in the ethnic autonomous areas of the economic belt, as well as the current situation of various types of intellectual property resources, such as industrial cultural heritage, scientific and technological innovation, and brand marking intellectual property. Besides, it analyzes the main problems in the high-quality development of grain and oil in the Yangtze River Economic Belt ethnic areas. Finally, it comes up with recommendations, including protecting the intellectual property rights of cultural heritage in the field of grain and oil, leading the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture, use scientific and technological innovation intellectual property rights to promote the innovation-driven development strategy of the grain and oil industry, and providing counterpart assistance to ethnic autonomous areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to further promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.