India has made the fascinating journey from being a country of starvation to a food-surplus country. India’s food grain production rose from 51 million tonnes in 1950 to over 330 tonnes in 2023. Globally, India has today the top rank in the production of milk, pulses, and jute; second rank in cotton, rice, wheat, fruit, and vegetables, and one of the leading positions in spices, fish, poultry, and livestock production. These extraordinary achievements were possible because of the visionary view that science and technology were to be the foundation of the development of agriculture.