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Abstract
The United Kingdom (U.K.) is the fifth largest importer by value of agricultural products in the world. Comprising England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, the U.K. has a limited capacity to produce agricultural and related products, relying on imports to meet the demands of its population. Agricultural production contributes less than 1 percent of the total value of the U.K. economy. In 2022, the U.K. imported $92.1 billion in agricultural and related goods and exported $34.8 billion, less than half the value of imports. Most of the goods imported by the U.K. are high-value consumer products, with distilled spirits, dairy products, and processed foods including seafood among the largest groups. Climate change has fostered demand for a new generation of agricultural-related products, such as wood pellets to replace coal, for which the United States has emerged as a major supplier.