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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the growth of human capital accumulation in Brazil between 1996 and 2014 for subgroups of the population. Using data from the education mobility supplement of the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) for those years and the Markov Chain methodology combined with the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, it was possible to detect differentiated gains in human capital accumulation for the analyzed groups. The results show that there has been a considerable improvement in education for women and for declared black individuals and co-resident children, however, low educational mobility for people residing in rural areas is a concern. This research is innovative in incorporating women and dependent children into the sample, as well as in analyzing the differentials in human capital accumulation between population subgroups.