Coffee black fruit disease causes great harm to the yield and quality of coffee. Multiple factors, such as climate factors, insect pests, pathogen infection, physiological disorders, improper planting density, etc., can cause coffee black fruit disease, which can be categorized into three types: pathogen infection type, physiological disorder type and insect pest type. Through the analysis of pathogenesis, the prevention and control methods and techniques of the disease corresponding to different types are put forward.