Due to limitation of resource conditions, rural-urban migration leads to increased food consumption and aggravates the tight balance between food supply and demand. This issue has attracted increasing attention. This paper analyzed the food consumption level and structure of migrant workers, changes in food consumption before and after entering the city, the change range of food consumption and the main influencing factors. Data analysis indicated that there are large differences in the quantity and structure of food consumption of migrant workers in different industries and regions. Migrant workers whose food consumption increased after entering the city were more than those whose food consumption decreased. The increase in income and the management of food provided by work units are the main factors influencing the increase in food consumption.