Banana is an important economic crop and food crop in tropical and subtropical areas. It is the fruit with the largest production, trade volume and trade value among the fresh fruits in the world. The sustainable development of banana industry is of great significance to promote the rural revitalization in China and even the agricultural economic development in the tropical areas of the world. The main banana producing and exporting countries are mainly concentrated in Asia and America. In 2020, the harvested area and production of bananas in the world were 5.203 5 million ha and 119.8337 million t respectively, which increased by 24.58% and 72.57%, respectively compared with that in 2001. The main producing countries were India, China, Indonesia, Brazil and Ecuador. At present, there are about 200 countries or regions importing bananas in the world. In 2020, the world's banana import value and import quantity were 233 761 million t and 15.607 billion USD respectively, increasing by 71.42% and 165.06% respectively compared with 2001. The main importing countries are the United States of America, China, Russia, Germany and Finland. In 2020, the export volume and value of bananas in the world were 24.497 million t and 13.356 billion USD, respectively, increasing by 67.93% and 218.03%, respectively compared with 2001. The main exporting countries are Ecuador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Colombia and the Philippines. China is the second largest banana producer and importer in the world. In 2020, the production and import volume of bananas were separately 11.872 6 million t and 1.819 2 million t, accounting for 9.91% and 7.78% of the world. According to the forecast of banana production and trade data of the FAO, the world banana production and trade volume are forecast to show a steady growth trend. And it is predicted that the world banana production, import and export volume will reach 159.6448 million t, 31.051 4 million t and 32.194 1 million t, respectively in 2030, increasing by 33.22%, 32.83% and 31.42%, respectively compared with 2020. At the same time, the world banana industry is facing challenges such as global climate change, banana wilt and soil acidification in banana planting areas. Carrying out breeding cooperation of banana varieties with disease resistance, stress resistance and high yield, and strengthening joint research and development of green, high-quality and efficient banana production technology, will contribute to the sustainable development of banana industry and promote the banana quality safety and world food security.