Excerpts: The charge is sometimes made that the Cooperative Extension Service works only with the top third of the farm population. Extension workers generally have been inclined to resent the implied accusation that they are not devoting proportionate attention to all segments of their rural clientele. The aim of this study is to inventory the situation and to present impartially such data as have been assembled. In other words, what are the facts? To avoid misunderstanding it may also be well to explain at the outset that the term “low-income” as used in the title of this paper is interpreted as referring to disadvantaging factors generally, and the term "farm families” as referring to all agricultural groups. Because it seems a bit more logical, attention will be given first to the question of how well Extension is reaching those farm people disadvantaged because of low income and for other reasons. This will be approached in two ways: 1. By getting a broad national picture of the various disadvantaged classes in agriculture and the areas of greatest concentration, together with an analysis of the distribution of Extension effort when viewed nationally. 2. By turning the spotlight on the county to see whether in a given area Extension is centering attention upon the upper segments to the neglect of the lower segments of the rural population.