Excerpts: This report is primarily devoted to comparing the study findings from NAHMS Equine ‘98, 2005, and 2015 studies for selected equine health and management practices. The same 28 States participated in the 1998 and 2005 studies, and 20 of the 28 States in the 2015 study also participated in the 1998 and 2005 studies. For the 2005 and 2015 studies, data were collected in the participating States on operations with five or more equids. For ease of comparison, data from the 1998 study were reanalyzed to include only operations with five or more equids on January 1, 1998. According to the 2012 Census of Agriculture, there were 3,621,348 horses and ponies on U.S farms in 2012, which was a decline from 4,028,827 horses and ponies reported in the 2007 Census of Agriculture. Section I of this report presents demographic changes in the equine population from a historical perspective using data provided by NASS. Section II provides results from three NAHMS Equine studies—1998, 2005, and 2015. Appendix II includes historical data regarding equine infectious anemia, West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis, and vesicular stomatitis.