The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that together affect the lives of millions of people. Accounting for $92.4 billion, or roughly two-thirds of USDA’s annual budget, these programs also represent a significant Federal investment. This report uses preliminary data from USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service to examine trends in U.S. food and nutrition assistance programs through fiscal year (FY) 2019 (October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019). It also summarizes two recent Economic Research Service reports: one that examines the prevalence of household food insecurity in the United States in 2018 and another that estimates the effect that increasing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, benefits during an economic downturn would have on U.S. gross domestic product, employment, and incomes. Readers should note that these are 2019 statistics and do not reflect potential impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that began in 2020.