The study examined the impact of selected factors on farm income in the Alabama Black Belt Counties (ABBCs) and Non-Alabama Black Belt Counties (NABBCs). Data were obtained from the 2017 Census of Agriculture and analyzed using ordinary least square regression analysis. The results revealed that for the ABBCs, average size of farms, government payments, and average farm production expenses significantly affected average cash farm income (ACFI); for the NABBCs, median size of farms, government payments, and average farm production expenses significantly affected ACFI. Furthermore, for the ABBCs, average size of farms, government payments, and total farm production expenses significantly impacted net cash farm income (NCFI); for the NABBCs, median size of farms and total farm production expenses significantly impacted NCFI. The findings suggest that the average size of farms, government payments, and expenses matter in the ABBCs; and median size of farms, government payments, and expenses matter in the NABBCs.