Most black farmers live in slowly growing southern counties. The authors identified 342 counties with at least 25 black farmers each and four regions based on the most common commodity produced. Social and economic conditions of blacks varied considerably among the regions, but blacks always lagged behind whites. Poverty rates among blacks ranged from 56.3 percent in the Delta Crop region (parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi) to 36.3 percent in the Atlantic Tobacco region (parts of North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia). Unemployment among black adults ranged from 15.1 percent in the Delta Crop region to 8.9 percent in the East Texas Beef region (parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas). Growth in jobs between 1970 and 1980 ranged from 4.4 percent in the Delta Crop region to 29.9 percent in the East Texas Beef region.