Whether rural or urban, land in Mauritaniafaces the following challenges: the complexity and the gaps of information, the difficulty of their interpretation, the need for a new land governance in urban as in the middle rural, the complexity of promoting land governance, the establishment and adaptation of legal reforms to the new economic and social situation of the country ...Thus, this study aims to analyze all these challenges by also insisting on the lack of updating of legislation and decrees on land, the establishment of a new governance tomanage the pressure on land. land, conflicts around land tenure that gives work to customary authorities, local administrators and rural civil society actors like the urban one.The results of our analysis showed that the discrepancy between the legal texts and the modalities of access to land soon gave the actors in the field a real challenge in the management of land assets since independence. from the country. The order of June 5, 1983, real land and land reform in addition to other subsequent texts have destroyed the hope of communities, tribes and other vulnerable populations for access to land ...The methodological approach that allowed to collect these data and to reach these results, among others, is based on a content analysis of official punctualdata, many other institutional documents, legal texts and socio-anthropological, economic studies ... .The results of this study also show that challenges are faced by all actors in the land sector, particularly in their attempt to implement legal reforms or their interpretation. Numerous land tensions have broken out and have been fueled mainly by the spirit and application of existing legislation. One observation emerges however: the state seems to be part of a dynamic of land grabbing relegating the poor to oblivion, but they are facing the inadequacy of the reforms. Pending the conformity of these reforms and their adaptation to the socio-economic reality of the country, it is unanimously recognized that the land sector in Mauritania needs more than ever other reforms oriented in the direction of the simplification of all its legal arsenal and its administrative procedures...