This paper firstly introduces the general situation of cotton planting areas in China and cotton industry in Xinjiang, and the current situation of intellectual property protection of Xinjiang’s cotton industry. Then, it analyzes the main problems in its intellectual property protection and high-quality development. On this basis, it comes up with the recommendations for high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property. The recommendations include improving the level of creation of creative intellectual property rights, building an intellectual property rule system in the entire cotton industry chain in Xinjiang, building protected zones for production of major high quality agricultural product cotton, establishing a demonstration zone to undertake the transfer of the domestic cotton textile and garment industry, undertaking education on the sense of community for the Chinese nation in response to the Xinjiang cotton incident, and developing the "Belt and Road" blue market for Xinjiang cotton and its products.