This study gathered views of the potential future development of the EU agri-food sectors in the long term (up to and including 2050) and investigated what this could mean for the course of action to be taken. What are the possible consequences of several driving forces – as far as they are known today – that will determine the future of EU agriculture and horticulture? The starting point was a reference scenario: how will agriculture develop if policies do not change? Several variants were then considered. The variation is related to the degree of greening (implementation of the Paris Agreement/Green Deal) and whether this greening takes place unilaterally in the EU or also globally. Another variable is the extent to which trade is further liberalised.