The failure to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the definition of new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) revive debates and studies on ways and means to eradicate poverty and inequalities. The main purpose of this study is to identify economic sectors that could be drivers of development and to reveal the mechanisms by which public policies could be more effective to fight against gender inequalities and poverty. In this perspective, the agricultural and public infrastructure sectors occupy a prominent place. We build a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (CGEM) coupled with a micro simulation module to evaluate the statistical effects of agricultural reforms in Senegal on the evolution of gender inequalities and the well-being of the population. This research pays particular attention to the effects on the labour market according to gender and the skills of the agents. Specifically, the study deals with the impact of an improvement of public infrastructures in connection with agriculture following an increase in the public investment budget in this sector. In addition, this research analyses the effects of an increase in agricultural subsidies on inequality and poverty. Our study reveals that the financing of agricultural infrastructures has short- and long-term positive effects on the reduction of poverty and gender inequalities. On the other hand, agricultural subsidies can only reduce gender inequalities and poverty in the short term.