Part of President Bush’s energy policy is to encourage research aimed at reducing the cost of biomass-based motor fuels to become competitive with petroleum-based fuels. We use a dynamic, CGE model to investigate the economy-wide implications of successful implementation of this policy. We find in the long-run, 2020, that the U.S. would experience significant benefits arising from: (1) substitution of biomass whose price is likely to fall in the long-run for crude petroleum whose price is likely to rise; (2) reduction in the world price of crude petroleum; (3) an increase in employment; and (4) an increase in export prices.