With the emergence of carbon credit markets in the United States the presence of carbon credit payments to CRP land will affect farmers’ willingness to enroll or re-enroll their land into the CRP. This paper examines how the Environmental Benefit Index (EBI) could be redesigned to enhance the CRP’s impact on climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration and how the CRP may interact with the emerging carbon credit markets. We Investigate the impact of different CRP enrollment mechanism redesigns on the program enrollment outcomes such as carbon benefits, other environmental benefits, CRP acreage, and program cost-effectiveness. Specifically, we examine how increasing the weight assigned to carbon benefits in the EBI will re-shape the CRP enrollment outcomes. We also study how CRP rental payments and carbon credit payments incorporated in the EBI would affect CRP enrollment outcomes. We find that under various EBI redesign scenarios and various weights of carbon sequestration EBI factor N5d that there are substantial changes in terms land offer acceptance and CRP acreage change.