This paper studies agricultural investments and financing in Polish agriculture, with emphasis on the dairy sector. Agriculture, predominantly on small farms, remains a dominant sector in Polish rural areas. Dairy plays an important role since many of the small farms have at least some milk production. The paper combines insights from other studies with conclusions from a study on financing and investment in the Polish dairy sector. Specifically, dairy farms and dairy companies in northern Poland have been surveyed to analyze who has made investments and to what extent their investments have been financed by loans from banks or via trade credit from dairy companies.