The present study generally aims to promote fish farming in the water reservoirs of the Borgou in order to increase the availability of fresh fish products and reduce the consumption of frozen fish, generally imported and poorly preserved. Indeed after a census of water reservoirs which resulted in the choice of 3 per municipality, we went to the study of water quality and finally the socio-economic study of these water reservoirs. Of the inventory of reservoirs, 82 reservoirs were enumerated including 70.7% of dams and 29.3% of over-deepening. However, in the sampled area (Tchaourou, Nikki, Péréré, N’dali, and Parakou) despite the high number of dams, only the over-excavations are the most functional; the average areas of the water reservoirs have been determined and the most large is recorded in Nikki mainly because of the high number of reservoirs in this common. The study of physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, transparency and depth) showed little variation; It is only the daily temperature that shows a significant difference (p <0.05) and varies between 23.5 and 26.1 ° C. Transparency daily, for its part, also varied significantly at 1 p.m. (p <0.05); concerning salts dissolved (nitrate; nitrite, phosphate carbonate hardness and general water hardness) only nitrates showed a significant difference (p <0.05) and varied between 5.95 and 12.75 mg / l. Besides the study of biological parameters led us to the identification of groups of zooplankton, and allowed us to determine three major groups namely: copepods, rotifers and cladocerans with a large number of copepods; and 9 species of fish were encountered. Finally, concerning the socio-economic aspect, a survey on the management method reservoirs made it possible to determine the profitability of the reservoirs. The studies carried out have shown that despite the enormous expenses (rental of tools or purchase, maintenance, labor, etc.), the fishing activity is profitable because the benefit-cost ratio is greater than 1 and even the net income per year can go up to more than one million francs (1,027,800 FCFA).