Pulse production in the United States is geographically specific and concentrated. Marketing channels are constantly changing, and concentration at the rehandler and processer levels continues to increase. Large proprietary companies continue to concentrate and vertically integrate. As national packagers, processors, and exporters they buy directly from pulse producers. Farmer cooperatives, as a whole, have neither kept pace with these developments nor taken advantage of the value-added benefits associated with retail marketing. Cooperatives do, however, have the potential to counteract their competition’s position by pooling resources and developing marketing outlets in the domestic and export chain.